What Is Sustainability? Examples, Roles, and Why It's Important

Key takeaways

• Sustainability is a multifaceted approach that balances economic development with environmental stewardship and social responsibility.

• It seeks to meet the present needs of society without compromising the needs of future generations.

• If you're interested in working in sustainability, there are numerous roles to consider, including sustainability specialist and sustainability analyst.

Learn more about the concept of sustainability, why it’s necessary across industries, and different careers you can explore if you're interested in this important approach. Afterward, build your knowledge of sustainability with the University of Illinois' course Introduction to Sustainability.

What is sustainability?

Sustainability refers to society’s ability to exist and develop without depleting the natural resources necessary to live in the future. Sustainable development supports this long-term goal with the implementation of systems, frameworks, and support from global, national, and local entities.

The concept of sustainability is built on the notion that natural resources on Earth are finite, so supporting sustainable practices helps maintain a balance among the environment, economy, and equity [1]. It’s the movement and energy behind ensuring that Earth can continue to be livable, all the while controlling and reducing resource depletion. 

Achieving sustainability can involve a combination of approaches, including the adoption of innovative technologies, the implementation of responsible business practices, and the introduction of forward-thinking policies.

Why is sustainability important?

Sustainability is crucial for preserving the planet and its natural resources, such as water and air. Building a sustainable future and cultivating sustainable ways of living can reduce pollution and protect the habitats of plants and animals.

A key part of sustainability involves adopting sustainable business practices and promoting economic development, including the implementation of green technology, eco-friendly supply chains, and other environmentally friendly initiatives. When businesses and governments adopt sustainable practices, it creates a ripple effect that encourages individuals and communities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. All of this contributes to a better quality of life.

3 key pillars of sustainability

The three pillars of sustainability can help pave the path toward a sustainable future:

• Environmental sustainability: The principle of maintaining ecological integrity and ensuring that Earth’s environmental systems remain balanced as humans consume natural resources such as air, water, soil, forests, and animals.

• Economic sustainability: The goal for humans on Earth to maintain independence and be able to get a job or acquire other resources to meet their needs. Economic systems must be in place and accessible to all.

• Social sustainability: The principle of ensuring that basic human needs are attainable by all, meaning all community members have enough resources. Strong social systems can ensure healthy, happy communities that respect human rights such as labor, health care, and equality.

Careers in sustainability

If sustainability is important to you—or an area of interest—there are many career opportunities to explore that combine your professional ambition with a critical value.

• Sustainability specialist: This role typically involves assisting with the implementation of sustainability initiatives within an organization. Tasks may include data collection, reporting, and supporting various green projects.

• Environmental technician: This position involves collecting and analyzing environmental samples, conducting field surveys, and assisting with environmental impact assessments. It's a hands-on role that often requires some scientific background.

• Sustainability analyst: This role involves analyzing data related to an organization's environmental impact, energy usage, and sustainability performance. It may involve creating reports, tracking metrics, and recommending improvements.

• Sustainability manager: This senior-level position involves developing and implementing sustainability strategies across an organization. The role requires a deep understanding of environmental issues, business operations, and leadership skills.

• Environmental consultant: This advanced role involves providing expert advice to organizations on environmental and sustainability issues. Consultants may specialize in areas such as climate change mitigation, renewable energy, or sustainable supply chain management.

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